Information
technology is a general term that describes any technology that helps people to
create, modify, store, communicate and / or disseminate information. TI brings
together computing and high-speed communications for data, voice, and video.
While Tourism
is a journey undertaken for recreation or leisure, as well as preparations for
this activity. A traveler or tourist is someone who travels at least as far as
80 km (50 miles) from his home to recreational purposes, is defined by the
World Tourism Organization. A more complete definition, tourism is a service
industry. They handle services ranging from transportation, hospitality
services, shelter, food, beverage, and other related services such as banking,
insurance, security, etc.. It also offers break, culture, escape, adventure,
and new experiences and different others.
So the role
of IT in tourism strongly support the development of tourism, with IT the
information and communication can be done very quickly, efficiently and
accurately so that tourists can get information about tourism activities that
will be done as well as IT is also able reduce human error. For example, IT
applications, the use of software LIBICA, as Fidelio Software Program Hotel
Information System. By using the software information about a booking
certainty, certainty guest account, guest information to come to the hotel,
guests who are staying at the hotel and guests will leave the hotel.
Information quickly, precisely and accurately will make guests satisfied and
happy hospitality suite. Guest satisfaction will lead guests will come back
again for a holiday in Bali and staying at the hotel. If related to the purpose
of the establishment of a hotel, namely: Profit through guest satisfaction, and
get a repeat business through word of mouth communication, ICT has been very
vital role. These conditions also apply to other companies who act as an
economic entity (managing existing resources to be entrusted to the market so
as to meet the needs and wants of the market / consumers in order to reach decision
market / consumer)
The
development of tourism must be supported by good promotion so many people
interested in coming to such sights. One way to promote tourism activity is
through the Information Technology field. For example, if an object has a
tourism web is dynamic, so the tourists who want a vacation would know for
certain facilities and accommodation to be reliable so that the tourists feel
comfortable in a vacation.
Another
example of the role of information technology in the tourism sector is the
provision of tourist information so that travelers who have arrived in an area
does not have to worry about getting lost in the search for objects of tourism
destination because there is a system of information that can guide them to
find the desired object by geography and others.
Recently,
the government through the Directorate General of Tourism Destination
Development Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Republic of Indonesia
mengagas breakthrough in governance or a tourist destination known for its
destination.
Governance
is a tourist destination, announced the Ministry of Culture and Tourism labeled
"DMO", is a continuation of the Destination Management Organization.
DMO management is implemented in 15 destinations, hereinafter referred to as
clusters.
Fifteenth
DMO cluster includes the Old City, Pangandaran, Lake Toba, Bunaken, Sabang,
Tana Toraja, Borobudur, Rinjani, Raja Ampat, Wakatobi, Tanjung Puting,
Derawan,-Kintamani Lake Batur, and the island of Komodo-Flores-Flores and
Bromo- Tengger-Semeru. The concept of cluster governance is adopted from the
success stories of some countries that have adopted this concept in the
country. DMO in accordance with the Guidelines for the Establishment and
Development book DMO (Kemenbudpar, 2010), defined as a tourism destination
governance structured and synergistic functions include the coordination,
planning, implementation and control of the organization in an innovative and
systemic destinations through the use of networking, information and technology
are guided integrated with public participation, actors / associations,
industry, academia and government that has the purpose, process and common
interests in order to strengthen its management quality, volume of tourist visits,
length of stay and the amount of tourist spending and benefits for local
communities.
If you
translate that concept then there are at least four interconnected systems and
intersect with each other, the destination system, governance systems, information
systems, communications and technology, and marketing systems. The four
matching systems revealed by the Son (2009) on the Small and Medium Business,
July 2009 issue that there are four factors that determine DMO namely
government, business, tourism, and information and communication technology.
Son (2009)
explains that the elements that exist in the DMO will be able to run well when
the function of governance that includes planning, implementation, and
monitoring can be implemented. And the need for integration with each other, or
commonly referred to as coordination. These functions in the development of
today's technology can be brought closer to information technology. Even this
concept is in accordance with the DMO concept presented by Kemenbudpar, that
functions in the governance is done through the use of innovative and system
networking, information and technology are integral among stakeholders.
The linkage between the DMO and ICT
Zelenka
(2009) explains, the presence of information and communication technology (ICT)
since the 1980's have changed the face of tourism in the world, where there has
been a revolution in the distribution of tourism products, communicate with
customers and business track of them, regional overview, access information,
price lists, security, and alternative pathways. All of this is the impact of
the presence of ICT. Meanwhile, Son (2009) mentions, the development of tourism
in the application of electronics have now moved on to the paradigm management
of information systems through integrated tourism Destination Management
Organization (DMO). This paradigm is to consider the role and function of a
tourist destination. Integrated management of the DMO conducted by government
agencies, private companies, professional organizations and elements related to
tourism activities. This management activities towards achieving economic
development and balance regional development.
Even Chang
(2003) has conducted research that produced six basic strategies in the
implementation of information systems for the DMO, include: first, a source of
competitive advantage is the information - so that the flow of information is
the key to implementation. Anyone who provides information well and he's a
complete winner. This concept can be done through e-tourism. Second,
Information System is a long term investment. Value of benefits generated by
these systems can only be felt if the system is set up to sustained and the
information provided is continuously done up dating and involves all components
of the existing tourism. Third, there are clear risks: every system must have
the chance of problems, so before implementation to know what are the things
that will affect the system, such as risk engineering, function, internal or
external. It can be detected early, the chances of any risk. Fourth,
Differentiation: unique products and services.
Information
systems for marketing a portfolio of products and services offered and
different from existing competitors. Fifth, the Co-alignment: aligning between
the external environment, the choice of strategy, organizational structure, and
performance of the financial sector. The first step of the implementation of
information systems is the assessment of the external environment to identify
the driving force, of change, and the introduction of values. Variables in the
DMO should be optimized to interact in order to achieve marketing goals and
destinations. Sixth, continuity: continuity of the direction and implementation
of information systems. Without sustainability and conducted continuously
difficult achievement can be realized.
ICT is one
of the key competitiveness extent tourism and business around it to function
properly. Even virtualization attraction contained in the website and online
ordering towards the object to be issues that are currently being developed
(Bojnec & Kribel, 2005).
DMO is not
merely seen as a form of organization in the classical view that necessitated a
form of hierarchical division of labor explicitly with lines of authority and
assignment. But in line with the DMO birth in modern times, let is seen as a
form of destination management organization using modern approaches as well,
namely the use of networking, information and technology. There are three important
components in the DMO is often expressed Presenza (2005), the coordination of
stakeholders tourism, destination crisis management and destination marketing.
